Final Post

Final Post

Causes of infertility
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     How can we use reproductive cloning to help infertile people to have a child? Infertile people are people who have a defect that does not allow them to have biological children after sex without using contraception tools. It can both apply to men and women. To men, it is the sperm cells that does not work, they are not strong enough to swim into the uterus to find the egg or they are not strong enough to fuse with the egg. With women, it is either that their egg cells malfunctions that disallows them to be pregnant or have a child, another way of them being infertile is that they are not able to be pregnant until the zygote fully develops into a stable baby. This problems causes the infertile people to be unable to have the wonderful experience of having a child and that they would not be able to have anyone to carry their legacy or their name. This problem can be caused from many factors. It can be because your sexual organs are too often exposed to radiation, these types of radiation can be found in our daily life such as: a phone, your laptop, the TV, etc... This can be caused by stress too, if you are to stressed out due to your working environment or of any other factors, this can cause infertility to you. Another of infertility's cause is pollution, pollutants that you consume or inhale can cause infertility to you too.

     However, there is a solution to this infertility but it is not yet a very reliable one yet. The solution to this problem is reproductive cloning. Reproductive cloning. Reproductive cloning is when you clone a person's genes and construct it into another organism. The most common method of reproductive cloning is SCNT. SCNT is Somatic-Cell Nuclear Transfer. The first sheep ever to be clones was through the process of SCNT. The cloning process of this sheep was only successful after 277 tries. The name of the sheep was Dolly the sheep. SCNT may not be very efficient but it is one of the only working ones that has an evident proof that it works and that evidence is the sheep. For a SCNT process to be successful, it would need a foster mother, an egg cell, a somatic cell (cell from any part of the body), and an electrical shocker to fuse the cells.

Process of Reproductive Cloning
https://honchemistry.wikispaces.com/The+Three+Types+of+Cloning

    The process of SCNT goes like this. First, you will need to obtain an egg cell. Second, you will need to obtain a somatic cell. Third, remove the nucleus of the egg cell and discard it. Fourth, take out the cell of the somatic cell. Fifth, insert the somatic cell's nucleus into the egg cell and fuse it using an electric shock. The zygote will start to divide and form into an embryo. After it develops into an embryo, you will need to put it back into the uterus of the foster mother. Later on, the foster mother will give birth to the clone. You will have a successful product of a clone but, it still has its limitations.

    Reproductive cloning does not only have its limitations but, it also has the benefits too. The benefit of this application to infertile people is that it allows them to be able to have the delightful participation of having a child. Raising a child is perhaps one of the best moments of your lifetime. You may go through some stressful times but you make also live through some marvelous times when raising a child. Another benefit of reproductive cloning is that to obtain the materials necessary it wouldn't be too hard to find. A somatic cell can be found in anyone's body and in most cases or perhaps all cases, there are no malfunctioning somatic cells. Finding a working egg cell which is not infertile will be quite easy to find to as there are more fertile women than there are infertile people. Finding a foster mother would be a bit harder to find unless that it is the person who applied for the cloning itself as not everyone would like to be a foster mother. Another advantage of reproductive cloning is that it would allow for infertile people to have a child which later on would not have infertility. Since most of the time infertility happens because of environmental factors, this means that the clone is not definite to be exposed to the same factors that the original infertile person is.

    Reproductive cloning does not only have many benefits but also, it has many disadvantages or limitations too. First of all, it would take too much tries to work. The success rate varies only fro 0.1% to 3%. This can be proved by Dolly the sheep. The sheep was only finished as a complete product after 277 experiments. And after Dolly the sheep was created, she did not even last long enough. She wouldn't live as long as a normal sheep would but, she lived for a much shorter time. A normal sheep would live for 11-12 years but dolly the sheep lasted for only 6 years. That is caused by another limitation of cloning. With cloning, the organs of the cloned living organism can grow abnormally. This can lead to a shorter life an possible lead to many diseases. This event is called the Large Offspring Syndrome. Although in many cases this happens, it is not going to absolutely happen in every clone attempt. Another limitation of reproductive cloning is that people are also affected of environmental factors. Since there are environmental factors such as height, skin color, etc... This means that not everyone will look exactly the same of the clone. If you are exposed to sunlight a lot and you have changed from your original skin color, you will look much different with your clone.

    There are many factors that can cause the successfulness of cloning such as ethical problems, social problems, political problems, economical problems, etc... The main problem of cloning is that it has many ethical problems. Cloning in most cases is ethically wrong. Religious figures believe that only God should be able to create life and humans should not be able too. We believe so because god is the almighty creator which was able to form life meanwhile humans are just his or her creations and we should not create one another. Giving humans the ability to control genes of others would be very dangerous too, it is not definite if whether all would be able to do that or whether people have the right intentions to clone. People should also not be able to control the genetic formula of one another as if they would, people would be less unique and would be harder to improve because if they are able to control it, they would try to prevent bad genes from creating the person and later on they would try to separate it which gives less room for people to evolve and to be better. Through reproductive cloning, people would lose their individuality too because if cloning happens, two humans are going to look very alike and act quite a like and that would make them less differentiated. Another of its ethical problem is that they would act and behave differently to their parents. Since most of our behavior is an environmental factor, not all clones and the original human will act identically.

    Not only does reproductive cloning has ethical problems but, it also has its economical problems. Reproductive cloning would be very frustrateful because not only that doing the process of SCNT itself is hard but, it would take so many tries infact, only 1 out of 277 tries succeeded of making a clone. On a recent study, a professor believes that he is able to clone a human but the expense for the procedure would need an enormous amount of money to be done. He does not have an exact number of money speculated to be needed but his estimation is between $45,000 to $75,000. That amount of money is not something every infertile citizen would be able to afford. Due to it being very expensive only the wealthy infertile citizens would afford and use reproductive cloning. This would heavily affect its successfulness because if the less people use this method, it will sooner or later fade away from our society and may cause the price to fluctuate depending on the amount of consumers. This should be later on perfected so that many people would be able to use this method and so that it can help most infertile citizens.

    In summary, indeed, reproductive cloning can help infertile people to have children, it is indeed quite of a serious problem that happens in a global scale. Indeed it has many of its limitations but, it also has many advantages to it too. It may have a low success rate, may cause organs to grow abnormally and there are environmental factors to people that does not make the clone be identical but, there are many of its benefits for it too for example it would be easy to find the materials needed, the clone would not necessarily be infertile even if the infertile person and the clone is biologically related. There are many factors that can affect the successfulness of this application too such as the ethical problems and the economical problems of it being too expensive. So, in the future, for this application to be successful, it still needs to be perfected with much more research to be done.

Citation:
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Putatunda, Rita. "Ethical Issues of Cloning." Buzzle. Buzzle.com, n.d. Web. 20 Oct. 2014. <http://www.buzzle.com/articles/ethical-issues-of-cloning.html>.

"Ethical Aspects of Human Cloning." Religious Tolerance. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Oct. 2014. <http://www.religioustolerance.org/clo_intra.htm>.

"Limitations to Therapeutic Cloning: More Research Yet to Be Done." Bright Hub. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Oct. 2014. <http://www.brighthub.com/science/genetics/articles/63030.aspx>.

"CGS : Reproductive Cloning Arguments Pro and Con." CGS : Reproductive Cloning Arguments Pro and Con. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Oct. 2014. <http://www.geneticsandsociety.org/article.php?id=282>.

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Printed Citation:

D. Gralla, Jay, and Preston Gralla. The Complete Idiot's Guide to Understanding Cloning. N.p.: n.p., 2004. Print.

R. Kass, Leon, and James K. Wilson. The Ethics of Human Cloning. N.p.: n.p., 1998. Print.

Laritzen, Paul. Cloning and the Future of Embryo Research. N.p.: n.p., 2001. Print.

E. Jones, Richard, and Kristin H. Lopez. Human Reproductive Biology. N.p.: n.p., 2006. Print.