Update #1

General Topic: Cloning
More Specific Topic: Reproductive Cloning
Specific Research Question: How can we use reproductive cloning to help infertile citizens have a child?

In brief describe about this application (what is it all about?)

Reproductive cloning is the procces of creating an identical or nearly identical copy of an organism. The most common procces is the SCNT. SCNT is when you replace the nucleus of the egg cell with the somatic cell of another organism to create a clone or copy.

What are some benefits of this application?

With reproductive cloning, infertile citizens are able to have children or family that are biologically related to them. It would not only help infertile citizens to have biologically related children but, it would allow     same sex couples to have children that are related to them too. It would allow for people who have their loved ones dead to be alive again and seek their love and memories with them again although they won't exactly act the same due to the environment factors.

What are some future improvements which still need to be done to make this perfect? (limitations)

Reproductive cloning wouldn't directly be successful as it would take trial and error to create a perfect clone that would be nearly identical. It would not be an identical clone as people would be affected by environmental factors too. To make this application better in the future, first, scientists should try and research in a better manner to find a way so that the success rate of cloning would be much better as now, the average success rate would be 0.1-3 percent which is very inefficient and could be further improved with better understanding through better research.

What are some ethical issues of reproductive cloning?

Numerous religious figures and leaders believe that reproductive cloning is not a right thing to do. They believe that reproductive cloning is "playing god" which is something that should not be done by us humans. They believe that it is playing god because basically, cloning is creating artificial man-made life and what we do is similar to what god does, creating life. Society also believe that taking an egg cell from a woman's womb would be unethical as that is not natural in life.

Citation:

"Reproductive+Cloning." TheFreeDictionary.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 07 Oct. 2014. <http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Reproductive%2BCloning>.

"CGS : Reproductive Cloning." CGS : Reproductive Cloning. N.p., n.d. Web. 06 Oct. 2014. <http://www.geneticsandsociety.org/section.php?id=16>.

Bonsor, Kevin, and Cristen Conger. "How Human Cloning Will Work."HowStuffWorks. HowStuffWorks.com, n.d. Web. 06 Oct. 2014. <http://science.howstuffworks.com/life/genetic/human-cloning1.htm>.

"Welcome." Welcome. N.p., n.d. Web. 07 Oct. 2014. <http://www.bioethics.ac.uk/topics/reproductive-cloning.php>.

"CGS : Reproductive Cloning Arguments Pro and Con." CGS : Reproductive Cloning Arguments Pro and Con. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Oct. 2014. <http://www.geneticsandsociety.org/article.php?id=282>.

"What Are the Risks of Cloning?" What Are the Risks of Cloning? N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Oct. 2014. <http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/cloning/cloningrisks/>.


The facts below are about (choose one):

Limitations of reproductive cloning.

Original paragraph:

1. Reproductive cloning will foster an understanding that children are designed and replicated for certain traits.
2. Reproductive cloning would diminish the idea of uniqueness. It would violate the widely held convictions concerning human individuality and freedom, and could lead to devaluation of clones in comparison with non-clones.
3. Cloned children would undoubtedly be raised in the shadow of their genetic donor.
4. Reproductive cloning is considered unsafe. At least 95% of mammals cloned have resulted in failure. 
5. Reproductive cloning can be considered unethical and against "god's" wishes. Many people believe that because clones were created by man, they will be unable to feel and empathize.

 Key ideas: 

- If reproductive cloning was used continuously and extensively, humans would not be unique. 

- Reproductive cloning is very risky. It would take plentiful amount of tries to succeed.

- Many people especially religious ones would go against it and might cause a riot because they believe it is playing god.

- It would cause future societies to believe that children are not meant to learn but instead they should already born with the better traits.

Source in MLA:

"Pros and Cons of Reproductive Cloning." Human Cloning Project. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Oct. 2014. <http://humancloningproject.weebly.com/pros-and-cons-of-reproductive-cloning.htmleebly.com%2Fpros-and-cons-of-reproductive-cloning.html>.

Paraphrasing:

        Although reproductive cloning has many benefits, it has its cons too. It would be too risky and too expensive. It would be cost quite a lot due to its success rate of less than 5% meaning that it would take various amount of tries to create a successful clone and, it would take a lot of money too. It also has its social problems too. The social problem that involves reproductive cloning is that due to reproductive cloning only taking genes from 1 organism unlike usually, it would merge 2 organisms' genes, this would cause uniqueness to be wiped out for the next generation. Another of its social issue is that societies disagree for the next generation children to be already born with the good traits but instead, they should learn from their experiences. Another of its disadvantage is that people believe it is unethical. They believe it is unethical because believe that creating clones would be playing god and since clones are man made, societies believe that these clones would not be able to feel or have emotions like natural humans do.